Pharmaceutics II Exam 2 Concepts Practice Test

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• What are the typical preservative concentrations in syrups?
• In syrup preparation using heat, when should heat-labile or volatile components be added?
• Which will achieve more accurate results: cylinder or conical?
• A common description of suspending agents is that they...
• Which combination is included for flavoring and color in medicated non-sucrose syrups?
• What is the common cycle of dry heat sterilization?
• What are the methods of administration for spirits?
• Antifoaming surfactants have HLB value of what?
• Anhydrous bases are best described as:
• ____ are concentrated aqueous preparations of a sugar with or without flavoring agents and drugs.
• Which factor must be considered when making a solution?
• What is the difference between inscription and subscription?
• What are some common measuring devices?
• Which statement about oleaginous bases is true?
• Levigation is defined as which procedure?
• In a dispersed system, the medium surrounding the dispersed phase is called the dispersion medium.
• Passive diffusion of drugs occurs in what layer of the skin?
• Which of the following is a method to improve stability by adjusting the dispersed phase?
• Which of the following are solvents used when making elixirs?
• Tinctures and Spirits are examples of which type of solutions?
• Which sweetener can be used in a high alcoholic content elixir: propylene glycol or artificial sweetener?
• Which IM site has the greater maximum injection volume?
• Which of the following are protein thickeners?
• _____ products deliver drugs through the skin into the systemic circulation for percutaneous absorption.
• What three factors determine the emulsion type?
• Which are the five methods of sterilization?
• ______ is the extraction method where the drug is extracted by the slow passage of a suitable solvent through a column (percolator) with the drug source
• Which statement about zinc oxide content in ointment versus paste is true?
• What is the common cycle of gas sterilization?
• What is the maximum IM injection volume for the buttock?
• Which arrangement best protects spirits from degradation?
• Which two handling instructions are appropriate for emulsions?
• Which factor is NOT among the three that determine emulsion type?
• What is the alcohol concentration of spirits?
• Which of the following are examples of jelly agents used to form gels?
• Which of the following statements is true about syrups?
• Which property of the dispersed phase, when improved, contributes to stability by ensuring a uniform particle size distribution?
• Which two USP tests are needed for ophthalmic ointments?
• In pharmaceutical suspensions, what does the dispersed phase refer to?
• What is a hydrocarbon base that is a purified mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons made of petroleum, with color yellowish to light amber?
• Why should you always try to avoid saturation?
• Which statement about ointment preparation hygiene is true?
• What are the two types of endotoxin testing?
• Lugol's solution contains which element?
• Which term denotes the final breakdown of an emulsion where phases separate completely?
• A suspension with a zeta potential of -20 mV would be classified as stable or unstable?
• ____ is a type of liquid preparation containing undissolved or immiscible drug distributed throughout a vehicle.
• ______ do not absorb water, but absorb limited amounts of alcoholic solutions.
• How do emulsifying agents work?
• USP Chapter 797 refers to which topic?
• If all particles in a suspension have a large magnitude zeta potential (either strongly negative or strongly positive), what is the likely behavior among particles?
• In which emulsion is water the continuous phase?
• Older skin results in decreased percutaneous penetration?
• Which of the following is NOT a typical component of medicated non-sucrose syrups?
• What do occlusives do?
• What are the two types of absorption bases?
• Calamine is used to treat which of the following?
• Emulsions are physically unstable.
• _____ are lipid-free and used for incorporation of aqueous solutions and solids.
• Which option lists nonionic surfactants?
• A ____ is taken into the body or administered in a manner other than through the digestive tract, as by IV or IM injection.
• Which type of emulsion contains water and permits incorporation of additional water, and is not removed from the skin after washing?
• Which term describes a liquid preparation in which solids are suspended in a suitable liquid medium?
• What warning label should be used with antioxidants and chelating agents?
• The fusion method is typically used for ointments containing which of the following components?
• Which statement describes the wet gum method's sequence of mixing?
• What is the ethanol percentage range typically found in a tincture?
• Which of the following is not a transdermal drug delivery system?
• In water-soluble/miscible bases, which type of drug has good release?
• Which statement best describes viscosity in syrups and elixirs?
• Which sterilization method is considered the most effective and preferred by the FDA for sterilizing injectable products?
• What is commonly used for radiation sterilization of medical devices such as syringes, needles and IV sets?
• An emulsion is a _____ system in which one liquid is dispersed in another as small droplets.
• In vanishing cream formulations, glycerin or sorbitol are used as which type of ingredient?
• Three factors must be considered when selecting a syrup. Which set lists these factors?
• The solid that settles at the bottom of a suspension is called which term?
• Which nonionic surfactant is commonly used in topical emulsions?
• The following statement is true: Emulsifiers facilitate the breaking up of large globules by lowering interfacial tension and reducing repellent forces between two immiscible liquids diminishing the liquids attraction to its own molecules.
• What are examples of hydrophilic petrolatum?
• Which method of extraction is the most efficient for drugs containing little or no cellular material (like benzoin, aloe): maceration or percolation?
• Lanolin alcohol contains cholesterol and derivatives producing which emulsion type?
• Emulsifying agents prevent coalescence of droplets. True or false?
• In medicated non-sucrose syrups, which substance serves as a cosolvent?
• Which sequence correctly describes preparing syrups with heat?
• Dispersions containing small particles in the 0.5-10 µm range are classified as what type?
• Which of the following is an example of glycogenic compounds?
• Excessive heat may invert dextrose into glucose and fructose.
• Which statement best describes syrup preparation by agitation?
• What is the primary purpose of including a surfactant in a topical formulation?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a cosolvent for tinctures?
• Smaller drugs have better skin penetration/absorption. Which statement is true?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of a suspending agent?
• Which are the three methods of preparation for spirits?
• In glass mortar compounding of a suspension, preservatives should be added at which stage?
• What is the role of a thickener in a topical base?
• Emulsifying agents with relatively strong hydrophilic groups produce O/W emulsions?
• Forbes bottle method ratio is used to prepare emulsions. Which option is the correct ratio?
• According to the USP, zinc oxide paste should contain not less than and not more than zinc oxide.
• Which statement correctly lists the dosage ranges for adult and pediatric oral tinctures?
• What are the two methods of ointment preparation?
• In the Bottle-Forbes method, which gum is used?
• What types of container should be used for suspensions?
• Hydrophilic ointment is best described as which type?
• A gel is formed when an aqueous vehicle is rendered jellylike by the addition of what?
• If 85 g of sucrose are needed for 100 mL of syrup, how much sucrose is needed for 500 mL?
• Benzoin and iodine are examples of what types of tinctures?
• In the Bottle-Forbes bottle method of emulsions, what is the first step?
• A suspension with a zeta potential of -35 mV is considered stable or unstable?
• What is the formula for hydrophilic petrolatum?
• How is the order of mixing different in the wet gum method versus the dry?
• Which range defines fine dispersions in this context?
• Which term describes small droplets of one liquid dispersed in another liquid?
• _____ are organic compounds that form complexes with metal ions and inactivate the oxidation process.
• Which preservative is commonly used in topical formulations to prevent microbial growth?
• What component of a dispersed system is the dispersing phase or dispersion medium?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of a flocculating agent?
• Which process is described by oil droplets merging to form larger droplets and potentially leading to phase separation?
• _____ is a solution of sucrose in purified water.
• In a water-in-oil emulsion, which is the external phase?
• What consideration needs to be had if the dropper Is for a child?
• Emollients are best described as which?
• What percentage of airborne particles (0.3 µm diameter) can HEPA filters remove?
• Which sterilization method is best for heating-sensitive devices and uses a controlled gas environment?
• ____ dispersions contain large particles (10-50 µm)
• A rise in skin temperature results in increased percutaneous absorption.
• What is special about Ora-Sweet/Ora-Sweet SF?
• What are some examples of stabilizers for emulsions?
• Which of the following are examples of cationic surfactants?
• Lipophilic emulsifiers have HLB range and produce what type of emulsion?
• Which statement correctly describes Ora-Sweet and Ora-Sweet SF?
• In an oil-in-water emulsion, which are the internal and external phases?
• Calamine contains which components?
• The approximate pH of the skin is closest to which value?
• What is the relationship between gauge size and needle diameter?
• All hydrophilic ointment bases have limited capacity to retain added liquids because viscosity changes occur.
• Which IM site corresponds to the maximum injection volume of 2 mL?
• In a suspension, how are the solid particles described after preparation?
• What is the function of an antimicrobial preservative in medicated syrups?
• What term describes a mixture of chemical compounds that liquefies upon mixing?
• Which statement about oleaginous bases is true?
• Swedish balsam, Jerusalem balsam, and Persian balsam are examples of which tincture?
• Which statement correctly differentiates fusion from incorporation in ointment preparation?
• Which of the following is an example of a dispersed system?
• Which statement is true regarding solutions?
• Plastic drops recommended for children due to safety concerns.
• ____ are liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents.
• Which liquid preparation is composed of pyroxylin in a solvent mixture (alcohol or ether)?
• Before adding powder to the vehicle, which step helps achieve a uniform distribution in a suspension?
• Which of the following is a component of a syringe?
• What role does bentonite play in suspension prescriptions?
• In a common steam sterilization cycle, what is the typical pressure used (in psi)?
• Which condition increases dermal absorption?
• USP 795 dating: a maximum dating for all water-containing preparations when stability unknown?
• Which statement about filtration in elixir preparation is correct?
• In calamine, what role does zinc oxide play?
• According to the USP, zinc oxide ointment should contain not less than and not more than zinc oxide.
• Which four components must pharmaceutical suspensions possess?
• What does oriented-wedge theory state?
• Why is the meniscus important when measuring?
• Which term describes dry solids that yield solutions meeting injection requirements when reconstituted with an appropriate vehicle?
• Which term describes the phase that contains the dispersed particles in a dispersed system?
• Which two tinctures are oral and have antidiarrheal/analgesic properties?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of a viscosity inducing agent commercially available?
• Compared to elixirs, syrups have a higher proportion of alcohol.
• What term describes a hypertonic solution?
• To maintain the highest possible alcoholic strength when preparing elixirs, which addition order is recommended?
• ______ is essential for the preparation of vanishing creams, and glycerin or sorbitol are commonly used.
• Which statement best describes the internal phase in an oil-in-water emulsion?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of a wetting agent?
• A dropper must be calibrated with the liquid that will be measured.
• What sugar is used to prepare simple syrup?
• Nonionic surfactants are effective at what pH range?
• Which process is characterized by oil droplets clumping together but remaining as discrete droplets?
• True or False: A vertical flow laminar hood can be used in sterile compounding.
• PEG with MW above 1000 is typically a solid with a wax-like consistency.
• Triethanolamine in topical formulations functions primarily as:
• Petrolatum is classified as which type of ointment base?
• Which of the following is NOT a type of unmedicated ointment?
• Which drug characteristics make a good candidate for diffusion across the skin?
• Which statement about tincture solubility and mixing is true?
• Regular syrups are not suitable for diabetic patients.
• ____ is coalescence and creaming combined, where the oil separates completely from the water so that it floats at the top in a single, continuous layer.
• Elixirs are better able to maintain both water-soluble and alcohol-soluble components than aqueous syrups.
• Which component is included to provide color in medicated non-sucrose syrups?
• What is the recommended volume for ID route?
• What is the main distinction between graduated and non-graduated medicine droppers?
• Cationic surfactants are effective at what pH range?
• What best describes water-soluble bases compared to oleaginous bases?
• In a water-in-oil emulsion, which are the internal and external phases?
• Which packaging option is NOT typically used for topical solutions?
• What is incorporation?
• Conical graduates with capacity less than 25 mL are acceptable for use when compounding prescriptions.
• Why is calibration of a medicine dropper important?
• Solubilizers have HLB value of what?
• What needs to be added to a suspension when the active ingredient is a hydrophobic powder?
• Which pairing correctly matches an antioxidant to its typical system?
• What is the first step in preparing syrups with heat?
• Which category of ingredient in a suspension is used to keep solid particles suspended?
• Chelating agents function by which mechanism?
• Which property best enables percutaneous diffusion?
• What is the primary role of antioxidants in emulsions?
• What combination of solvents is typical for elixirs to dissolve both water-soluble and alcohol-soluble components?
• Why do spirits mixed with water form a milky preparation?
• Elixirs may stand for a period to allow oil particles to coalesce, after which they must be what?
• What is a 0.2/0.22 µm Sterilizing Grade Filter primarily used for?
• Collodions are liquid preparations composed of pyroxylin in solvent mixture (which solvents)?
• Which statement best describes the fusion method in ointment preparation?
• Is flocculation reversible or irreversible?
• Which preservatives are used in syrups?
• Which artificial sweetener is closest to tasting like sugar and has good aqueous solubility?
• The pharmacopeia chapter addressing pharmaceutical compounding of non-sterile preparations is numbered how?
• Hydrocarbon (oleaginous) bases are also known as?
• Levigation uses a liquid in which the solid is not soluble. Which option correctly describes this?
• What term describes a mixture where the oil is the continuous phase and water droplets are dispersed?
• Which semisolid system consists of dispersions of molecules in an aqueous vehicle rendered jellylike by the addition of a jelly agent?
• Which category of preservatives is commonly used in aqueous-containing ophthalmic ointments?
• Which statement about sedimentation is true?
• Which semisolid preparation contains medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions or in water-washable bases?
• Is creaming reversible or irreversible?
• Which statement best describes maceration?
• Which of the following is a method for preparing a suspensoids?
• What are the five general types of injectable materials?
• Which statement describes lubricants?
• In a suspension, the solid is dissolved: True or False?
• What term describes liquid preparations containing undissolved solid particles dispersed in a liquid?
• What is the typical gas concentration range used in gas sterilization?
• What is the effect of increasing the dispersion medium's viscosity on suspension stability?
• What is the external/continuous phase of an emulsion?
• What are examples of fine dispersions?
• When larger volumes of viscous liquids need to be used, is it better to measure by weight or volume?
• Which statement is true about intradermal (ID) injection volumes?
• What are the two components of non-sucrose based syrups?
• Which option is listed as a disadvantage of solutions?
• What is the maximum recommended volume for the SC route?
• ____ is when small spheres of oil stick together to form flocs, but the drops remain separated.
• Which is a disadvantage of solutions?
• Which option lists bases commonly used in ophthalmic ointments?
• Anhydrous base, an absorption base, is also known as?
• Which sterilizing filter is used for small volume solutions?
• Which process involves the merging of small droplets into larger droplets?
• What are some general requirements for injections?
• Which term describes the migration of the droplets of the internal phase to the top or bottom of an emulsion?
• _____ contain water and may be diluted with aqueous or water-miscible solutions.
• Which of the following is NOT a valid administration route for spirits?
• In calamine, what role does ferric oxide play?
• Which spatula is better for removing the product and transferring to a container: large or small?
• Which term describes semisolid preparations intended for topical application?
• Which of the following is a method used to prepare elixirs?
• What term describes the reversible migration of droplets to the surface of an emulsion, forming a cream layer?
• To minimize parallax error when reading the volume of a liquid in a graduated cylinder, where should you view the meniscus?
• When is it necessary to calibrate the medicine dropper?
• What are the two general methods to perform a sterility test?
• Burrow's solution (aluminum acetate) and limewater have which of the listed properties?
• White Ointment, USP is produced using bleached or purified yellow wax.
• Which property does a suspending agent primarily impart to the dispersion medium?
• Ointment bases should have a softening point close to which temperature?
• Which ointment base is occlusive and water-immiscible?
• At 40 degrees C, after 3 months and 6 months, the pH of a steroidal parenteral aqueous suspension are which values?
• Which parameter primarily determines the stability of an emulsion?
• Under what condition are capacity markings accurate enough for measuring and dispensing a manufactured liquid product?
• Which of the following is NOT a preparation method for emulsions?
• What percentage excess should be added to compensate for loss during compounding?
• Syrups are more viscous and sweet than elixirs.
• What term describes a mixture of two immiscible liquids made miscible by emulsifying agents?
• Examples of levigating agents include mineral oil and glycerin.
• Which of the following is NOT a broad category of emulsifiers?
• What are the components of medicated non-sucrose based syrups?
• _____ are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of aromatic or volatile substances.
• Which statement about syrup preservatives is correct?
• Is breaking reversible or irreversible?
• Heat-labile components should be added last when using the fusion method.
• Which of the following is an example of a suspending agent?
• Saccharin is 500x as sweet as sucrose and has an effective concentration of 0.02-0.5%.
• What practice ensures a homogeneous dispersion and uniform dose when preparing a suspension?
• For large volumes of viscous liquids, preferred measurement method is:
• Which skin condition increases penetration of topical medications?
• Lanolin is an example of which emulsion type?
• What are the two properties for all syrups?
• Lyophilization is the process of drying by sublimation from frozen material. What is this process more commonly called?
• Which packaging feature helps protect semisolids from light and moisture?
• W/O emulsions, absorption bases, are also known as which product?
• Aromatic, benzaldehyde, and isoalcoholic are examples of which category?
• If a formulation requires incorporating small amounts of water into a hydrocarbon base, which type of base is appropriate?
• What is the general dosage of oral tinctures for children?
• Which type of prescription bottle has approximate volume markings and is not intended for precise measurement?
• Which packaging design best protects semisolids from moisture and light?
• Which of the following are components of medicated sucrose-based syrups?
• How should spirits be stored?
• Which of the following are stabilizers for emulsions?
• Which auxiliary label is commonly required for ointments with light-sensitive drug substances?
• What role does ferric oxide play in calamine?
• What is the typical effective concentration range for emulsifying agents?
• What is the primary method of comminution used in pharmaceutical compounding?
• Which statement about syrups is false?
• During syrup preparation by agitation, what happens after sucrose is added to purified water?
• What happens when sucrose is in a saturated solution (85 g in less than 95 mL of syrup)?
• Which sterilization method is considered the most effective and preferred by regulatory authorities for sterilizing injectables?
• Crushing tablets with insoluble excipients will result in which dosage form?
• What is the percentage of water in lanolin?
• ____ is reducing the particle size of solids by trituration with a small amount of a liquid in which the solid is not soluble.
• Water-removable bases like O/W are also known as?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of an antioxidant used in aqueous systems?
• Which of the following is NOT an ingredient typically listed in a suspension formulation?
• Caking of solids in a suspension leads to what challenge during redispersion?
• The layer beneath the epidermis that contains connective tissue and blood vessels contributing to diffusion is the:
• Which of the following are examples of viscosity-inducing agents?
• _____ are lipopolysaccharide components of the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that are heat stable and very toxic.
• When ointments contain water, which of the following is true about preservatives?
• Crushed tablets with insolubility considerations yield which dosage form?
• Levigating agents are chosen based on base type: mineral oil is used for hydrocarbon bases and glycerin for water-removable bases.
• What are the two steps in emulsification?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five general types of injectable materials?
• Which properties describe viscosity inducing agents used in syrups?
• What is Talc used for in elixirs?
• What is an example of a water-soluble base?
• PEG with MW below 600 is a liquid or solid?
• Which base is typically non-water-absorbent but can hold small amounts of alcohol-based solutions?
• What can be used as a substitute for methyl cellulose as a vehicle in prescriptions?
• Which statement describes O/W emulsions?
• Which of the following is an explicit example of a wetting agent listed in the materials?
• Which sterilization method is less effective than steam and requires higher temperatures and longer exposure?
• In the dry gum method, how is the final volume adjusted?
• Which of the following are protein thickeners?
• Which of the following best classifies benzoin and iodine tinctures?
• What are broad examples of emulsifiers?
• Which statement best describes elixirs?
• _____ can prevent caking.
• Which sweetener can be used in a low alcoholic content elixir: propylene glycol or artificial sweetener?
• What are flocculating agents used for?
• Emulsifying agents with relatively strong hydrophobic groups produce O/W or W/O emulsions?
• Which of the following is not typically a viscosity-inducing agent?
• Which syrup can be used to mask the salty or sour taste of medications?
• Which semisolid products are intended for application to the skin?
• What term describes compounds that convert to glucose in the body?
• What is the internal phase of an emulsion?
• Which of the following is NOT a method of preparation for spirits?
• _____ has the following formula: yellow wax (50g) and petrolatum (950g).
• Which two syrups are used as vehicles for drugs stable in acidic medium?
• Which component gives calamine its pink color?
• Which category best describes liquid preparations that contain alcohol to dissolve substances?
• Which statement about qs-ing the product in the bottle to avoid loss during transferring from a measuring cylinder is true?
• ______ permit incorporation of aqueous solutions, are insoluble in water, and absorb alcohol and small amounts of water.
• Anionic surfactants are effective at which pH range?
• Which pair describes alcoholic and hydroalcoholic solutions?
• Which excipient is used to soften and increase smoothness of a formulation?
• To slow sedimentation in suspensions, which approach is commonly used?
• A zeta potential magnitude greater than 30 mV indicates what about suspension stability?
• A _____ is used when it is difficult to measure liquids in a cylindrical or conical graduates, usually for small volumes.
• What is the typical duration for a gas sterilization cycle?
• What is the effective concentration of emulsifying agents?
• Additives that are included to prevent or slow sedimentation in suspensions typically increase which property?
• Emulsions must be protected from excessive heat and freezing.
• Parenteral administration excludes which route?
• The _____ method Is a primary emulsion by 4:2:1 method (4 parts oil, 2 parts water, and 1 part gum).
• Which two properties describe syrups?
• What is true about the vertical flow laminar hood in sterile compounding?
• What is the role of emulsifiers?
• Polysorbate 80 is what type of surfactant?
• Ethylene oxide is very toxic despite its antimicrobial activity; precautions must be taken. Which statement best reflects this?
• Which dosage form is a liquid preparation in which drug substances are dissolved or dispersed in a suitable emulsion medium?
• What are the three preparations of emulsions?
• In oleaginous bases, which type of drug has better release?
• What is the general dosage of oral tinctures for adults?
• T/F. Tinctures cannot be mixed with liquids too diverse in solvent character because the solute can precipitate
• Sterility tests are destructive.
• Glycerin and propylene glycol are known as ___ solvents.
• Measuring devices with ____ inside diameter will result in smaller volume errors than a device with a ___ inside diameter.
• What are some advantages of elixirs?
• W/O emulsions, absorption bases, are also known as?
• Which cream is formed by adding a large amount of stearic acid to an O/W emulsion where part of the stearic acid converts to soap by adding a base or neutralizing agent?
• What can be added to emulsions to prevent oxidation?
• Which is an advantage of using solutions?
• Which of the following are examples of nonionic surfactants?
• In a eutectic mixture, what happens when camphor and menthol are incorporated into an ointment base?
• Which of the following is a requirement to ensure the physical stability of suspensions?
• Which of the following are examples of flocculating agents?
• Glycerin is an example of a levigating agent used with which type of base?
• Which step is part of the dry gum method?
• Which are examples of official spirits?
• Which statement best describes emollients?
• What is triethanolamine?
• What term describes the process of reducing particle size?
• Which statement about dropper calibration is correct?
• In the dry gum method, what is the initial ratio of oil to acacia?
• What are the two types of medicine droppers?
• Which option is NOT a general requirement for injections?
• Emulsifying agents with relatively strong hydrophilic groups produce O/W or W/O emulsions?
• Pastes should not be applied to hairy parts of the body. True or False?
• Which instrument is typically used to compound suspensions?
• _____ is decolorized petrolatum.
• Trituration is defined as which of the following?
• Which of the following are examples of artificial sweeteners?
• What is the most common steam sterilization cycle used for injectable products?
• Which sterilizing filter is used for medium volume solutions?
• Dermabase and Aquaphilic are examples of which type of ointment base?
• Which term describes a liquid preparation of drug substances dissolved or dispersed in a suitable emulsion medium?
• Dermabase is an example of which type of ointment base?
• In the dry gum method, after adding water, what is the expected consistency?
• What auxiliary label must be added to suspensions?
• Which mortar is traditionally used for crushing powders and tablets?
• To mix white petroleum and purified water together, what should be used?
• Levigation requires geometric dilution.
• What is the most common gas used to sterilize instruments sensitive to temperatures higher than 60 degrees C?
• What are the two types of graduates?
• Systemic absorption of drugs occurs in what layer of the skin?
• Which of the following is an example of a chelating agent?
• When two ingredients in an ointment formula form a eutectic (for example camphor and menthol), what is the recommended handling?
• Surfactants function as solubilizers, wetting agents, flocculants, and emulsifying agents. True?
• What does the auxiliary label for dispersed systems state?
• Which test is used to detect pyrogenic responses using animals?
• Which term describes dry solids that yield a preparation conforming to the requirements for injectable suspensions upon addition of a suitable vehicle?
• Which statement about labeling of topical medications is true?
• External emulsions should be stored in a refrigerator.
• ____ is the merging of small droplets into large droplets.
• T/F. Both wet and dry gum methods use a 4:2:1 ratio.
• Which ingredient is commonly used as a humectant to retain moisture in topical formulations?
• Hydrophilic emulsifiers have HLB in what range and produce what type of emulsion?
• When making a solution, which factor is explicitly listed as a consideration?
• What is the primary function of suspending agents in suspensions?
• _____ are pharmaceutical liquid preparations containing solid drug particles dispersed in a liquid medium in which the particles are not soluble.
• What is the primary function of protectants in ointments?
• Which thickener is commonly used to prepare gels in topical formulations?
• What packaging options are appropriate for topical solutions?
• What are some examples of carbohydrate thickeners?
• Which storage guideline for syrups is consistent with standard practice?
• What is an isotonic solution?
• ____ is the withdrawal of desired compounds from plant material by the use of the selected solvents in which the desired compounds are soluble.
• T/F. During maceration, the contents are agitated repeatedly for a few days.
• Wetting agents have HLB value of what?
• Which option is NOT a type of LAL test?
• Pastes are semisolid products primarily intended for which use?
• Sucrose-based syrups may be substituted in whole or in part by other glycogenetic compounds.
• On a prescription label, which term describes the directions given to the pharmacist?
• _____ are stable, transparent emulsions that provide rapid/efficient absorption.
• According to USP 795, which storage conditions apply to syrups?
• When breaking occurs, what must be added to an emulsion?
• T/F. Liquids have a tendency to have maximal surface area.
• Which surfactant is used to solubilize coal tar in LCD coal tar solution?
• Why is it important for an ointment base to have a softening point near body temperature?
• Ointments are semisolid preparations intended for topical application.
• Elixirs should be stored in which type of containers?
• Yellow Ointment, USP is prepared by combining yellow wax and petrolatum in which ratio?
• What are the two methods for tincture preparation?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of a jelly agent used in gels?
• Which dosage form is a dry solid that yields a suspension when reconstituted with a suitable vehicle?
• Ether can be used as a cosolvent in oral administration elixirs.
• Which statement about alcohol content and shelf-stability of elixirs is true?
• Which statement about levigating agents in ointment preparation is correct?
• Elixirs are generally less viscous and contain alcohol, while syrups are more viscous and sugar-rich.
• Which type of additive promotes flocculation in suspensions?
• Which of the following describes the primary uses of spirits?
• Which method of extraction involves the solvent passing through the drug source via a column (percolator)?
• What auxiliary label is required for suspensions?
• ____ route is when drugs are injected directly into the bloodstream and provide rapid action.
• How are spirits used in pharmaceutical practice?
• How are absorption bases used?
• How much sucrose is needed to make 100 mL of syrup?
• During heat-based syrup preparation, what comes after sugar is dissolved in water?
• LCD is a coal tar solution that contains 20% coal tar in an alcoholic solution and a small amount of Polysorbate 80 to solubilize.
• What does plastic/interfacial film theory state?
• Which statement about elixirs is correct?
• Which route requires the smallest injection volume?
• What are examples of transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDs)?
• In vanishing cream formulations, what role do glycerin or sorbitol primarily play?
• What is the maximum IM injection volume for the arm?
• Which term refers to liquid preparations that are drug substances?
• Which preparation refers to alcoholic or oleaginous solutions or emulsions intended to be rubbed on the skin?
• Which process results in complete separation of oil from water, forming a single continuous oil layer at the top?
• What is fusion?
• Which statement best describes extraction in herbal processing?
• Which option represents a parenteral route?
• Which property describes a semisolid's resistance to flow?
• Which radiation method is commonly used to sterilize medical devices such as syringes and IV sets?
• Which solvent is recommended to wipe the ointment slab before starting work?
• Which of the following are hydrophilic petrolatum bases?
• Which option best describes transdermal drug delivery systems?
• Which mortar is commonly used for compounding preparations?
• What term describes an alcoholic extract or solution of a non-volatile substance?
• Occlusive bases are best described as which function?
• What is a hypotonic solution?
• According to the USA, an acceptable non-graduated medicine dropper delivers ___ drops of water weighing __ g at ___ degrees C.
• Which option is NOT one of the three most commonly used nonmedicated elixirs?
• Which are the four types of semisolid topical preparations?
• Which are examples of sweeteners used in elixirs?
• Hydrophilic ointments require antimicrobial preservatives.
• Which of the following are examples of glycogenic compounds?
• Surfactants sometimes produce emulsions that are unstable, so a secondary emulsifier/stabilizer can be added to the emulsion.
• What are some examples of protein thickeners?
• Emulsifiers with relatively strong hydrophobic groups produce which type of emulsion?
• Oral suspensions should be kept at room temperature.
• The USP requires preservatives for all emulsions.
• Which spatula is better for levigation and incorporation of ingredients: large or small?
• Which aspect of a suspension relates to its appearance such as color and texture?
• Which substance is used as a filtering agent in elixirs to absorb excess oil?
• To improve suspension stability by adjusting the dispersion medium, which action is recommended?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of antioxidants used for oil systems?
• _____ is the process of removing all microorganisms from a fluid stream, excluding viruses, to produce a sterile fluid.
• ____ are clear, sweetened, flavored hydroalcoholic solutions intended for oral use.
• For a stable emulsion, the volume of the dispersed phase should not exceed 50% of the total volume.
• Which statement best describes the proper role of a suspending agent in suspension formulations?
• ____ is used bleached or purified yellow wax.
• Emulsions contain oil and most oils undergo oxidation.
• A cream is typically a semisolid preparation composed of medicinal agents dispersed in what type of system?
• The outermost layer of the skin that acts as the primary barrier to diffusion is the:
• What is a conservative beyond-use date for suspensions to prevent caking?
• Preservatives should be added at what stage when preparing a suspension in a glass mortar?
• How does acidity affect the rate of inversion of sugars in syrups?
• Which theory describes oriented-wedge?
• Which auxiliary label must be added to topical solution prescriptions?
• ____ is the method of extraction where the crude drug is permitted to soak in the menstrual (solvent system) until the soluble components are dissolved.
• Elixirs are self-preserving if they contain more than 12% alcohol.
• Which option lists carbohydrate thickeners?
• What are the four ways the internal phase of emulsions can form aggregates?
• What are the three types of LAL tests?
• Which statement correctly lists the general requirements for injections?
• During gas sterilization, what humidity level is typically used?
• Which statement describes W/O emulsions?
• What component of a dispersed system is the dispersed phase?
• Which emulsifiers are listed for hydrophilic petrolatum formulations?
• Which of the following are examples of anionic surfactants?